XVII. Kapítuli: Frá Hólmgǫngu-Hana (Chapter 17: Concerning Hólmgöngu-Hani)
As I’ve alluded to before, the manuscript upon which the sequentially later chapters of Tattúínárdœla saga are preserved is actually older than the manuscript which preserves the first sixteen chapters by about two decades, while the action in these chapters picks up about two decades later than that of the earlier chapters. And while the manuscript with the earlier chapters appears to have been written by a single scribe who had an imperfect knowledge of the story underlying the saga, the later chapters can be confidently assigned, on paleographic evidence, to three separate scribes, each with a quite different, though detailed, command of the tradition behind the saga. It is not always, however, clear that these three scribes worked together closely, as for instance Scribe A (responsible for the first third of this manuscript) seems hardly to have been aware that Leia was Lúkr’s sister, and even shows ignorance – or at best imperfect foreshadowing – of Veiði-Anakinn’s identity as Lúkr’s father.
The manuscript as preserved does have chapter headings, and the first leaf of the manuscript is headed “XVII. Kapítuli” – “Chapter 17.” This suggests that these earlier scribes were aware that sixteen earlier chapters of the saga had once existed, but they were apparently unaware of the contents of those chapters, a hypothesis which is lent support by the fact that numerous important characters and events in the earlier chapters are never mentioned again. Chapter 17, despite its explicit numbering as seventeenth, opens like the very first chapter of a new saga, and the following chapters essentially assume no prior knowledge of the earlier sixteen chapters, indeed relying on the reader’s ignorance of the content of those chapters in setting up Veiði-Anakinn as the archenemy of his own son, Lúkr.
With that being said, Chapter 17 is commonly held by critics to mark a watershed moment in the saga as a literary construction, and it is chiefly the contents of these later chapters that are quoted and alluded to in later Icelandic literature. Whoever the three scribes were who recorded it for us around the year 1200, they have left us with an imperfect, but enduring and timeless saga of mythic proportions.
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ÞAT ES UPPHAF AT ÞESSI SǪGU, at Jabbi konungr inn digri réð fyr Danmǫrk, ok Falfaðinn konungr eldingaflug fyr Noregi; ófriðr mikill vas í milli þeira.
Hani hét maðr, norrœnn at ætt; hann vas Sólósson jarls. Hann vas góðr maðr, víkingr mikill; menn flestir kǫlluðu hann Hólmgǫngu-Hana. Vel samir at segja frá yfirlitum Hana. Hann vas fámálugr ok fálátr jafnan, en fríðastr sýnum, hár maðr vexti ok nǫkkut skolbrúnn, jarpr á hár.
Því at Hólmgǫngu-Hana líkaði stórilla stjórn Falfaðins konungs, fór hann til Danmerkr ok vas með Jabba konungi um hríð; í sumar vas hann í víkingu, ok gørði hann opt skaða mikinn lǫndum ok skipum Falfaðins konungs; herjaði hann víða þar ok hvar sem hann kom við land í Noregi. En í vetr seldi hann í hendr Jabba konungi þær vǫrur, es hann fekk í Noregi. Jabba konungi líkaði vel sjá skattr, ok hann gaf Hólmgǫngu-Hana øxi mikla, ok vas sú øx snaghyrnd ok gullbúin, upp skellt skaftit með silfri, ok vas sú inn virðilegsti gripr. Hólmgǫngu-Hani hafði annan virðilegan grip, ok vas þat skipit hans, þat es hann fekk eptir þat at hann vann sigr á Landó Kalrissianssyni í kappróðri á Kesseley. Þetta skip hét Þusundár-Fálkinn; þat vas it skjótasta skip.
Hólmgǫngu-Hana fylgði maðr frískr, es Tsiubakka hét. Hann vas inn loðnasti maðr, stórr maðr vexti; svartjarpr á hár, þykkleitr ok mikill í brúnum. Tsiubakka kunni eigi at tala norrœnu, en hann skilði þau orð es menn sǫgðu, ok kunni Hólmgǫngu-Hani frísku.
Einhverju sinni, bar svá til at þeir Hólmgǫngu-Hani hǫfðu herjat í Noregi, ok þá es þeir váru búnir til hafs, riðu þar nekkverir norrœnir hǫfðingjar. Þeir spurðu, hverir þessir menn væri, ok hvaðan þeir kœmi.
“Ek heiti Hani Sólósson,” segir Hani, “Sumir kalla mik Hólmgǫngu-Hana. En sjá fylgðarmaðr minn es maðr frískr, Tsiubakka at nafni. Vit erum komnir hingat frá Danmǫrk ok erum kaupdrengir.”
“Ef it eruð sannarlega kaupdrengir,” segir hǫfðingi, “Þá munuð it hafa vǫrur á skipi ykkar, þær es it vilið selja, ok vér viljum kaupa, ok látið øss sjá varning ykkar.”
Þessir menn gingu síðan upp á skipit, ok þar fundu þeir margar gørsemar, þeim es Hólmgǫngu-Hani ok Tsiubakka hǫfðu stolnar frá þeim. Þessar þeir tóku, ok þeir vildu drepa Hólmgǫngu-Hana.
“Drepið hann eigi,” segir inn fyrsti hǫfðingi, “Því at ek kennda hann í fyrstunni, ok kennda ek fǫður hans ok. Hann es engi vinr Falfaðins konungs, ok erum vér heldr eigi. En vér skulum taka allar þessar vǫrur, þeim es hann stól, ok skulum honum ekki gjalda.”
En því at þat haustaði, ok Hólmgǫngu-Hani hafði ekki ránsfé, þat es hann skyli selja í hendr Jabba konungi, snaraðisk hann sem skjótast við Íslandi ok þar vildi forðask reiði Jabba konungs, unz hann fengi nekkverjan skatt, þann es hann fengi fœrðan konungi.
Maðr hét Vattó, maðr gamall ok stuttr, en góðr búandi ok móðurfrændi Hana. Hann bjó á Íslandi, at þeim bœ, es hét at Mósæslastǫðum; dvǫlðusk þeir Hólmgǫngu-Hani þar þann vetr. Þar gistu ok margir aðrir ránsmenn ok útlagar, því at Vattó vas sjálfr útlegðarmaðr ok elskaði eigi konunga. Enn hafa sumir sagt, at bœr hans væri it versta greni manna óráðvandra ok rógsmanna.
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Maðr hét Gríðó, hirðmaðr Jabba; honum líkaði illa Hólmgǫngu-Hani ok girnask á skipit hans. En þá es hann frá, at Hólmgǫngu-Hani vas stolinn ránsfé sínu ok farinn til Íslands, spurði hann konungi: “Líkar yðr vel ránsfé, konungr, es Hólmgǫngu-Hani fœrir yðr?”
“Vel,” sagði Jabbi konungr.
“Þá myndi yðr margt um finnask,” segir Gríðó, “Ef ér hefðið allan þann, sem ér eiguð, en nú fór þat fjarri. Es it miklu meiri hlutr, es Hani dregr undir sik. Hann sendr yðr at gjǫf bjórskinn þrjú, en ek veit víst, at hann hefir eptir þrjá tigu þeira, es ér eiguð, ok hygg ek, at slíkan mun hafi farit um annat. En nú hefi ek fregnat, at hann es farinn til Íslands með mikit fé, es hann vill selja þar, en eiguð ér allt þat. Satt mun þat, konungr, ef þú fær skipit hans it góða í hǫnd mér, at meira fé skal ek fœra þér.”
En allt þat, es Gríðó sagði á hendr Hólmgǫngu-Hana, þá bǭru förunautar hans vitni með honum. Kom þá svá, at Jabbi konungr vas inn reiðasti.
“Fœr mér,” segir Jabbi konungr, “Skipit ok allt þat, es á es, en drep Hólmgǫngu-Hana Sólósson ok Tsiubakka inn fríska, ef þeir vili eigi koma fyr mér.”
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It is the beginning of this saga, that King Jabbi the Stout ruled over Denmark, and King Falfaðinn Lightning-Bolt over Norway, and there was great enmity between them.
Hani was the name of a man from a Norwegian family; he was the son of Jarl Sóló. He was a good man and a great viking; most called him Hólmgöngu-Hani (Duel-Hani). It is fitting to say something about the appearance of Hani. He was a man of few words, rather reserved, but the handsomest of men, tall and rather sun-browned, with brownish hair.
Because Hólmgöngu-Hani did not like the reign of King Falfaðinn, he went to Denmark and was with King Jabbi for a while; in the summer he went out on viking raids, and he oft did great damage to the lands and ships of King Falfaðinn; he raided widely here and there, wherever he came to land in Norway. And in the winter he gave to King Jabbi the wares that he got in Norway. King Jabbi liked this tribute very well, and he gave Hani a great axe, and this axe was jagged-pointed and gilded, with a shaft done in silver, and it was the greatest of treasures. Hani had another great treasure, and that was his ship, which he had gotten when he won a swimming race against Landó Kalrissiansson at Kessel Island. This ship was called the Thousand Year Falcon; it was the fastest of ships.
A Frisian man accompanied Hólmgöngu-Hani; he was named Tsiubakka. He was the hairiest of men and very big, he had blackish-brown hair and was rather chubby-faced and broad across the brows. Tsiubakka did not know how to speak Norse, but he understood what men said, and Hani spoke Frisian.
One time it so happened that Hani had raided in Norway, and when he was ready to put out to sea, some Norwegian chieftains rode up in that place. They asked who these men were and where they came from.
“I am named Hani Sólósson,” said Hani, “Some call me Hólmgöngu-Hani. And this follower of mine is a Frisian man named Tsiubakka. We have come here from Denmark and we are merchants.
“If you really are merchants,” said a chieftain, “Then you will have wares on your ship which you will want to sell, and we will want to buy, and let us see your cargo.”
These men went up on the ship, and they found many treasures which Hani and Tsiubakka had stolen from them. They took these, and they wanted to kill Hólmgöngu-Hani.
“Do not kill him,” said the first chieftain, “For I knew him from the beginning, and I knew his father. He is no friend of King Falfaðinn, and neither are we. But we shall take all these wares which he has stolen, and we shall not pay him.”
But since it was getting toward autumn, and Hani had no loot to give to King Jabbi, he hastened as swiftly as possible to Iceland and there thought to avoid the wrath of King Jabbi, till he could acquire some kind of tribute which he could deliver to the king.
A man was named Vattó, an old man and short, but a good farmer and a relative of Hani’s on his mother’s side. He lived on Iceland, at the farm called Mósæsli; Hólmgöngu-Hani stayed there that winter. There were also many other robbers and outlaws who were staying as guests at Mósæsli, for Vattó was himself an exile and had no love for kings. Some have even said that his farm was the most wretched hive of scum and villainy.
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A man was named Grídó, a retainer of King Jabbi; he did not like Hani and he coveted his ship. And when he learned that Hani had had his plunder stolen from him and had gone to Iceland, he asked the king: “Do you like the plunder which Hólmgöngu-Hani brings you, king?”
“I like it well,” said King Jabbi.
“Then you would really like it,” said Grídó, “If you had all of that which you own, but as it stands you have far from it. It is the much greater part, which Hani keeps to himself. He sends you as a gift three bearskins, but I know for certain that he keeps thirty of them to himself, which you own, and I think that the same thing must be true of other things. But now I have learned that he has gone to Iceland with a great deal of property which he intends to sell there, and you own all of that. Truly, king, if you gave me his good ship, I would bring you more plunder.”
And everything that Grídó said about Hani, his companions bore witness to. It came to the point that King Jabbi was at his angriest.
“Bring me,” said King Jabbi, “The ship, and everything that is on it, and kill Hólmgöngu-Hani Sólósson and Tsiubakka the Frisian, if they refuse to come before me.”